There is not a Nobel Prize in Mathematics. Quick report: Alfred Nobel, of dynamite fame, created five prizes in 1901, Chemistry, Physics, Peace, Physiology/Medicine, and Literature. Most of these are handed out by Sweden, except for Peace, which is handed out by Norway. In 1968 a sixth prize was established, for Economics.
There are two math prizes which are considered to be the equivalent of the Nobel for Mathematics. The Fields Medal is awarded every four years to the best mathematicians under the age of 40. The Abel Prize is granted annually and has no age restriction. Both have significant cash awards, much like the Nobels.
There has been a persistent rumor that Nobel never created a prize for Mathematics because a mathematician, Magnus Gösta Mittag-Leffler, was having an affair with his wife. Sounds interesting, but Nobel never married. Another rumor was that the two men simply didn’t like each other, and when Nobel asked his advisers if Mittag-Leffler would win the first prize and was told he probably would, simply declared no math prize. Again, the timing and age of the two men precludes that they ever had any personal relationship. The more mundane explanation is that Nobel was a very practical chemist and simply didn’t think math was important.
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